نوع مقاله : علمی ـ پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The possibility and nature of self-deception have been important subjects in the fields of moral philosophy and psychology. It appears that the major approaches to self-deception can be categorized into two groups: intentionalism and motivationalism, with their most significant distinguishing feature being the condition of deliberately contradictory beliefs in the process of self-deception. Gur and Sackeim attempt to design experiments to examine the four conditions of self-deception in individuals and demonstrate how two contradictory beliefs can coexist in different cognitive domains of humans. In the first experiment, while participants make errors in self-reported voice identification, electrodes measuring galvanic skin response (GSR) indicate correct identification in the unconscious, thus revealing the existence of contradictory beliefs within the individual. The data from this experiment more or less demonstrated that the errors occurred depending on individuals’ prior experiences and self-concepts, manifesting in an entirely motivational manner. The second experiment also shows that experiences of success or failure—which alter individuals’ levels of self-worth—directly impact the ability to identify one’s own voice. In conditions where individuals have experienced failure and consequently avoid or fear confronting themselves, recognizing their own voice becomes more difficult and is accompanied by delays and negative errors in response. Conversely, individuals
کلیدواژهها [English]
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