نوع مقاله : علمی ـ پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 رشته دکتری مطالعات تطبیقی ادیان گرایش الهیات مسیحی، گروه ادیان ابراهیمی، دانشکده ادیان و عرفان، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران
2 گروه ادیان ابراهیمی، دانشکده ادیان و عرفان، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the theoretical and practical connection between Johan Galtung’s concept of “positive peace” and the Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King Jr. It argues that King’s success in creating structural transformations represents a concrete and effective realization of this theory. While Galtung’s framework has faced criticism for being excessively idealistic, the article demonstrates that King’s activism—grounded in Christian theology, particularly Jesus’ teachings on agape (unconditional love for one’s enemy) and nonviolent resistance—was able to actualize the principles of positive peace (including the elimination of structural violence such as discriminatory laws and cultural violence that legitimizes racism) in practice. Inspired by Gandhi’s Satyagraha and a theological reinterpretation of Jesus Christ’s “Sermon on the Mount,” King employed tactics such as sit-ins, boycotts, and civil disobedience as instruments to awaken the moral conscience of society. Through conscious suffering without retaliation, he succeeded in breaking the cycle of violence. The tangible achievements of this movement—including the enactment of the historic Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965)—made possible not only the transformation of unjust structures but also the establishment of the foundations of justice and reconciliation, as the essence of positive peace. The findings indicate that the lasting success of this movement was rooted in the spiritual power of Christian theology and demonstrate that positive peace—when integrated with theological foundations and strategic organization—is an attainable ideal and a practical response to Galtung’s critics.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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