حل چالش فلسفی هویت روح قدیم بر اساس روایات امامیه

In anthropology, based on Imami traditions, man is a multidimensional being that has various spirits, including "the spirit of reason, the spirit of life and survival, the spirit of evolution, the animal spirit, the speaking soul, the spirit of lust, and the spirit of strength," each of which plays a specific role. This article seeks to discover the identity of the "ancient spirit." The identity of the ancient spirit is one of the philosophical challenges in this anthropology. This challenge does not mean analyzing this narrative concept based on the data of philosophical schools, but rather whether the ancient spirit itself is an independent entity or not and what is the relationship between this spirit and other spirits. This research examines the identity and characteristics of the ancient spirit and analyzes its relationship with other spirits. The purpose of this research is, on the one hand, to clarify whether the ancient spirit has an independent existence and a separate identity in the field of human life, and on the other hand, to determine the specific function of this entity. This research seeks to solve this problem by analyzing narrations and with a textual approach. In Imami narrations, two categories of characteristics have been identified for the ancient spirit: distinguishing characteristics and general characteristics. The most important characteristic of the ancient spirit is its temporal dimension that distinguishes it from other spirits; this dimension refers to the existence of the ancient spirit in the wombs and wombs. This spirit has life, but this life is exclusively dedicated to a specific type of life, which is the ancient life. Its task is to maintain identity and minimal existence in the wombs and wombs; therefore, this spirit lacks consciousness and will, and is not addressed by the covenant, and no obligation is directed at it, and no obligation is created for man through it. The ancient spirit keeps the existence of man alive in the realm of human life, especially during the time of existence in the wombs and wombs. This spirit is opposed to the "spirit of transformation" and the "spirit of life and survival", meaning that maintaining identity is related to the ancient spirit, and change and growth are related to the spirit of transformation. The ancient soul is not a plant soul, an animal soul, a speaking soul, a place of the soul, a talent for becoming a human being, a pre-embodied soul, or a seed. The ancient soul is not a spirit of transformation, because the home of the spirit of transformation is in the womb, when a human being goes through the embryonic stage, while the ancient soul has also been in the veins and wombs of the fathers and mothers of this human being. On the other hand, the special function of the ancient soul is to maintain the existence of a human being in the veins and wombs, while the spirit of transformation causes the transformation of a sperm into a clot and a jelly and the rest of the stages. The ancient soul is not the spirit of life and survival, because first of all, the time of the spirit of life and survival belonging to the existence of a human being is completely different, that is, the spirit of life and survival belongs to the existence of a human being in the womb and after 120 days have passed, while the ancient soul is with the human being in the veins and wombs. Secondly, the special function of the spirit of life and survival is things like perception and consciousness, and for this reason, after this spirit is breathed in, the limbs and organs take on a complete form. The ancient spirit cannot be identical with the animal spirit and the rational soul, because the definitive home of the ancient spirit is in the bones and wombs, while the rational soul and the animal spirit also exist after the birth of man. Furthermore, the special function of the ancient spirit is to maintain the existence of man in the bones and wombs, while the special function of the animal spirit and the rational soul includes all the activities of man in worldly life. The ancient spirit cannot mean the ability to become a human being, because this possibility has the opposite counterpart. When the spirit is spoken of in the narration, it speaks of it as a realized reality that is transmitted in the bones and wombs. Of course, ability and power cannot be combined with actuality in the same way, but they can be combined in two different ways. For example, a thing can be potentially and actually, but the commentator considers the soul to be a mere potentiality. The ancient soul cannot mean the place of the soul either, because this possibility is also the same as the previous possibility. Although it is possible that the ancient soul is the same as the atomic entity, this possibility is not acceptable. The possibility of this identity between the atomic entity and the ancient soul has a parallel, because the narration refers to a kind of atomic worlds where atomic entities are created in the loins of Adam, so both the atomic entity and the ancient soul are in the loins of Adam (AS) and are transmitted from one generation to another. However, given that there is no soul in the nature of the atomic entity, that is, the reality of the atomic entity and the narrations regarding it do not prove the soul for it in any way. Furthermore, these two concepts, in addition to having a conceptual difference, are also different in terms of their meaning; therefore, the mere fact that both the atomic entity and the ancient soul were transmitted in the astral is not enough for this identity. Moreover, for the ancient soul, things such as will and movement have not been proven, while the atomic being is a being with will, free will and consciousness.