سنجش دین‌دارى و معنویت در پژوهش‌هاى مربوط به سلامت

Document Type : Professional

Author

Abstract

دین یکى از عمیق ترین جنبه هاى به شدّت شخصى زندگى انسان است که برخى از مهم ترین مسائل اسرارآمیز و وصف ناپذیرترین تجربه هاى بشر را دربر مى گیرد. پس عجیب نیست اگر سنجش دین دارى یا معنویت کارى دشوار است. عنوان یکى از جدیدترین سرمقاله هاى مجله غده شناسى روانى3 مربوط به این موضوع, بجا چنین انتخاب شده است: (آیا مى توان پرتو خورشید را با خط کش اندازه گیرى کرد؟) (Lederberg & Fitchett, 1999). متخصصان امر سلامت باید بدون این که پرتو خورشید را از نظر دور بدارند, همچنان در روش شناختى صحیح تکیه گاه محکمى داشته باشند; و این کار آسانى نیست. با این حال, محققان حوزه دین, در چند دهه گذشته ابزارهاى زیادى براى سنجش جنبه هاى مختلف دین دارى و معنویت بوجود آورده اند. متأسفانه, بسیارى از متخصّصان سلامت از این راه حل هاى ابتکارى مطّلع نیستند; و نتیجه این وضعیت, پرداختن به مقدارى کارهاى زائد است (Hill & Hood, 1999). بررسى هاى متعددى که اخیراً ارائه شده است, مى تواند به آشنایى بیشتر پژوهشگران حوزه سلامت با این ابزارها و مرحله کنونى پیشرفت آن ها کمک نماید (به عنوان مثال, مؤسسه فتزر/مؤسسه ملّى سالمندى,1999; Gorsuch & Miller, 1999; Hill & Hood, 1999). با این حال ,علائق و محدودیت هاى پژوهشگران سلامت همواره با علائق و محدودیّت هاى محقّقان دین که در حوزه هاى دیگرى فعالیت مى کنند, یکسان نیست. ما در این نوشته, به بررسى چند شاخص کمّى که بویژه براى استفاده در زمینه هاى مربوط به سلامت مناسب است مى پردازیم. چیربَن [در (ارزیابى علائق دینى و معنوى در روان درمانى) که در همین شماره نقدونظر آمده است] سنجش کیفى در روان درمانى را مورد بحث قرار مى دهد.


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