التزام دینى و مرگ و میر

Document Type : Professional

Author

Abstract

بررسى علمى رابطه میان دین و مرگ و میر به زمانى بسیار دورتر از آنچه بسیارى گمان مى کنند برمى گردد. حقیقت این است که دانشمندان از حدود 130 سال پیش, به بررسى تأثیر دین بر مرگ و میر و طول عمر علاقه مند بوده اند. در سال 1872, فرانسیس گالتون (1911ـ1822), که پیش از آن به سبب تحقیقات ابتکارى اش در زمینه نبوغ علمى شهرت یافته بود, نتایج پژوهشى را ارائه کرد که در صدد بررسى علمى تأثیر عینى دعا بر مرگ و میر انسان ها برآمده بود.
گالتون کار خود را با این فرض آغاز نمود که گروه هاى خاصى از افراد ـ یعنى کشیش ها و مبلغان مذهبى ـ بیش از دیگران به نیایش مى پردازند. او استدلال نمود که اگر نیایش مؤثر مى بود, آنگاه افرادى مثل کشیشان و مبلغان مذهبى که بیشتر سدعا مى کنندز, به احتمال قریب به یقین بایستى عمر طولانى ترى نسبت به دیگران داشته باشند. با این پیش فرض بود که وقتى گالتون (1872) دریافت طول عمر کشیشان تفاوت قابل ملاحظه اى با وکلا یا پزشکان ندارد, مطمئن شد که شواهدى قطعى بر بى تأثیر بودن دعا اقامه کرده است.

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