معنویت، دین و بهداشت شواهد، موضوعات و علائق

Document Type : Professional

Author

Abstract

توجه به نقش عوامل دینى و معنوى در بهداشتْ سرگذشت دور و درازى دارد. فرهنگ ها از دوران باستان تا عصر جدید غالباً بهداشت و بیمارى را امورى مستقیماً مرتبط با باورها و اعمال و رفتارهاى دینى گوناگونى مى پنداشته اند, چنان که دستورات دینى در مورد پاره اى غذاها, فعالیت هاى جسمى و انواع و اقسام تأمّلات درونى4 و نیایش ها شواهدى بر این مدعایند (Rosen, 1993). در طیّ دهه گذشته, مدعیات و پرسش هایى در خصوص ارتباط هاى دینى, معنوى و بهداشتى رواج یافته است به این معنا که آثار مربوط به این زمینه پر فروش ترین آثار بوده اند. چندین کتاب معطوف به معنویّت در ده کتاب اوّل نیویورک تایمز جایگاهى به دست آورده اند (مثلاً, مواظبت از نفس5 اثر مور 6[1994] سه شنبه ها با مورى7 اثر البوم8 و چگونه باید خدا را شناخت9 اثر چاپرا10). مجلات خبرى عمده اى نظیر تایم و نیوزویک به مقالاتى ویژه درباره معنویّت و بهداشت برجستگى خاصى بخشیده اند و موضوعات خاص را در جراید علمى (از باب نمونه, روان شناس آمریکایى,11 سالنامه طبّ رفتارى,12 مجله روان شناسى بهداشت,13 آموزش و رفتار بهداشتى14) منتشر کرده اند یا منتشر خواهند کرد. چندین همایش علمى به سخنرانان مدعو یا مجموعه مقالاتى که به موضوعات مربوط به معنویّت, دین و بهداشت مى پردازند (مثلاً انجمن طبّ روان ـ تنى,15 انجمن روان شناسى بهداشت اروپا,16 انجمن طبّ رفتارى17) اهمیّت خاصى داده اند یا در حال برنامه ریزى براى آنها هستند. انجمن روان شناسى آمریکا18 اخیراً دست به انتشار کتاب هاى درسى اى در باب عنوان مورد نظر مانند کتاب هاى درسى اثر پى

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