دین و معنویت در علم و کاربرد روان شناسى سلامت

Document Type : Professional

Author

Abstract

در مدّت زمانى بسیار کوتاه, روان شناسى سلامت به رکن اصلى علوم رفتارى و زیست ـ پزشکى تبدیل شده است. از زمان ظهور رسمى آن در دهه 1970, پیش رفت هاى سریعى در بررسى تأثیرات متقابل سلامت و بیمارى روانى و جسمانى بر یک دیگر حاصل شد. پژوهش حاضر راهبرد مجموعه اى از کاربردهاى مؤثّر در جلوگیرى و کنترل بیمارى است, که دامنه آن از مداخلات روانى فردى گرفته, تا مداخلات سازمانى و حتّى طرّاحى سیاست عمومى, کشیده مى شود. این حوزه با بررسى چگونگى تنوّع موضوعات مربوط به سلامت و رفتار از لحاظ سن, جنس, نژاد, جهت گیرى جنسى و وضعیت اجتماعى ـ اقتصادى, با جدّیت تلاش کرده است تا جامع و فراگیر باشد. تا همین اواخر, موضوع دین و معنویت در روان شناسى سلامت تا حدودى نادیده انگاشته شده است. این کتاب1 روشن مى سازد که در سرتاسر تاریخچه این حوزه, تلاش هایى براى بررسى نقش این سازه هاى روانى ـ اجتماعى در رشد و سیر بیمارى و تأثیرات [حاصل از] آن صورت گرفته است. اما, با توجّه به میزان مشارکت دینى و اهمیت مسائل و تمایلات معنوى در میان بسیارى از افرادى که روان شناسان سلامت آنان را مورد مطالعه قرار داده و به درمان آنان مى پردازند, کمبود پژوهش در این زمینه کاملاً چشم گیر است. با کمال تعجّب, ما اطلاعات چندانى از تأثیر دین و معنویت بر سلامت نداریم. بیشتر روان شناسان سلامت بى درنگ مى پذیرند که موضوعات متنوّع و حسّاسى مانند نژاد, سن, جنس و جهت گیرى جنسى, ملاحظات مهمى در علم و کاربرد روان شناسى سلامت هستند. با این حال, به [اهمّیت] مسائل دینى و معنوى در این زمینه, با همان اشتیاق و دقت پرداخته نشده است.

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