David Hume’s Contribution to Emergence of Psychologism in Western Philosophy

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Authors

1 Associate professor, Department of Philosophy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD student of philosophy of religion, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant professor, Department of Philosophy and Theology, Religions, and Mysticism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran,

4 . Assistant professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In many respects, David Hume pioneered tremendous developments in philosophy, some of which continue until today. A case in which is his introduction of a version of psychologism into different areas of philosophy. In the present article, which uses the descriptive and analytical method, we begin with a description of the presence of the psychologistic element in major parts of Hume’s philosophy, including his discussions of causation, substance, identity, the soul, the origin of morality, and universal concepts. We then analyze his contribution and the importance of his psychologistic approach in various aspects. We aim to show that very influential trends today, including naturalism and interdisciplinary studies in cognitive science, have roots in his psychologistic approach.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.    Cussins, Adrian. (1987). Varieties of Psychologism. Synthese, 70, pp. 123-154.
2.    De Caro, M. & Macarthur, D. (Eds.). (2004). Introduction in De Caro and Mccarthur, Naturalism in Question. Harvard University Press.
3.    Ellis, B. (1979). Rational Belief Systems. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield.
4.    Ellis, B. (1990). Truth and Objectivity. Oxford: Blackwell.
5.    Gaskin, j. c. a. (1988). Hume’s Philosophy of Religion. Library of Philosophy and Religion, Basingstoke: Macmillan. 
6.    Goldman, A. (2011). Toward a Synthesis of Reliabilism and Evidentialism; or: Evidentialism’s Troubles, Reliabilism’s Rescue Package. In Evidentialism and its Discontents (Trent Dougherty, ed., pp. 254-279). Oxford University Press.
7.    Goldman, Alvin .(1999). Knowledge in a social world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8.    Hakkak, S. M. (1380 AP). An inquiry into Hume’s epistemic views. Tehran: Meshkat Publication. [In Persian]
9.    Hume, D. (1387 AP). A Natural History of Religion. (H. Enayat, Trans.). Tehran: Kharazmi Publication. [In Persian]
10.    Hume, D. (1395a AP). An Inquiry concerning Human Understanding. (K. Lajevardi, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz Publication. [In Persian]
11.    Hume, D. (1395b AP). A Treatise of Human Nature. (J. Paykani, Trans.). Tehran: Qoqnoos Publication. [In Persian]
12.    Hume, D. (1396 AP). An Inquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. (M. Davoodi, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz Publication. [In Persian]
13.    Hume, D. (2017). A treatise on human nature, book two and three: about passiveness and ethics (J. Paykani, Trans.). Tehran: Nashr Ghoqnoos. [In Persian]
14.    Likaoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1394 AP). Philosophy in the flesh. (J. Mirzabeigi, Trans.). Tehran: Agah Publication. [In Persian]
15.    Khatami, M. (1386 AP). An introduction to the contemporary Western philosophy. Tehran: Elm Publication. [In Persian]
16.    Kicther, Patricia (1995), “Revisiting Kant's Epistemology: Skepticism, Apriority, and Psychologism”, in: Noûs, 29(3), pp. 285-315.
17.    Kordfiroozjayi, Y. (1386 AP). Philosophy of Frege. Qom: Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute. [In Persian]
18.    Kusch, Martin, "Psychologism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford. edu/archives/spr2020/entries/psychologism/>.
19.    Lazemi, F. & Shahrayini, S. M. (1399 AP). Moral reductionism about religion in David Hume’s philosophy: an attempt to elucidate the relation between religion and ethics in David Hume’s philosophy. Philosophy of religion, 23(2), pp. 11-31. [In Persian]
20.    Magee, B. (1385 AP). Great philosophers. (E. Fouladvand, Trans.). Tehran: Kharazmi Publication. [In Persian]
21.    Pakaluk, M. (1989). Quine's 1946 Lectures on Hume. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 27, pp. 445-459.
22.    Quine W. V. Q. (1994). Epistemology Naturalized. In Naturalazing Epistemology (Hillary Kornblith, Ed., pp. 15-32). Bradford Books.
23.    Shamloo, Gh & Salmani, A. (1391 AP). Elimination of a misconception: the place of reason in ethics and aesthetics from Hume’s perspective. Ethical Research, 7, pp. 95-112. [In Persian]
24.    Sluga Hans. D. (1980). Gottlob Frege. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
25.    Thomas, H. (1372 AP). Great philosophers. (F. Badrei, Trans.). Tehran: Kharazmi Publication. [In Persian]
26.    Waxman, W. (2019). A Guide to Kant’s Psychologism. New York: Routledge. 
27.    White, M. (2000). The Ideas of the Enlightenment and Their Legacy-The Psychologism of Hume and Quine Compared. In The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy (7), pp. 151-159). 
28.    Yousefi, M. T. & Shadpour, M. (2017). A critical analysis of David Hume’s view of the substantiality and identity of the mind. Philosophical knowledge, (58), pp. 67-84. [In Persian]
29.    Zagzebski, L. (2001). Introduction. (In Fairweather. Abrol, Zagzebski, Eds.), Virtue Epistemology. Oxford University Press.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics