A Critique of the Mechanism of Metaphysical Realism in Shiite Prin-ciples of Jurisprudence

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Author

PhD of philosophy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

According to some Muslim scholars, manners of living are not exhausted by modern style of living (regardless of prior traditions)—we might still turn to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), find the Prophet’s words, and live accordingly. The nature or spirit of Islamic jurisprudence is the discovery of the practical doctrines, or rulings, of Islam. A jurist is not therefore a lawmaker, but a discoverer of laws. A jurist’s process of ijtihad (or inference of rulings) ends with an inferences of a proposition that suggests a jurisprudential ruling. Of the prominent Shiite intellectual trends, both Akhbāris and Uṣūlis endorse metaphysical realism about divine rulings. The main problem with which this article is concerned is an assessment and critique of the mechanism of realism in jurisprudential inferences in Shiite principles of jurisprudence. Based on the results of this research, which are obtained through description and analysis of content, although realism is part and parcel of the principles held by Imami Shiite Uṣūlis, the solutions proposed to achieve the goal are inadequate because of their confusion of existential and legislative effects of certainty, and thus, they cannot do justice to the concerns of Akhbāris in reaching the reality. For this reason, it is necessary to account for a more efficient mechanism of realism through a revision of the common elements of Uṣūli arguments and how they arrive at an authoritative reason or proof. It seems that by transferring the locus of inculpatoriness (munajjiziyya) and exculpatoriness (muʿadhdhiriyya) from the essence of certainty (qaṭʿ) to its causes, and the minimization of the impact of psychological states on inferences, the ground can be prepared for realism and further justification of the propositions in the principles of jurisprudence.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.    Alam al-Huda, A. (1376 AP). Al-Dari'ah ila Usul al-Shari'a. (Gorji, A. Ed.). (vols. 1 & 2, 1st ed.). Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [In Persian]
2.    Al-Astarabadi, M. A. (1426 AH). Al-Fawa'id al-Madaniyah. (Rahmati Al-Araki, R. Ed.). vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publi-cations Institute. [In Arabic]
3.    Al-Ghazali, M. (1413 AH). Al-Mustasfi. (Abdul Shafi, M, Ed.). (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah. [In Arabic]
4.    Al-Haidari, S. A. N. (1412 AH). Principles of inference. (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Qom: Le Janah Idarah al-Idarah al-hawzah al-Ilmiyah be Qom al-Mughadasah. [In Arabic]
5.    Al-Hashemi Al-Shahroudi, S. M. (1417 AH). Bohouth fi Ilm al-Usul. (2nd ed.). Qom: Al-Ghadir Center for Islamic Studies. [In Arabic]
6.    Alipour, M. (1382 AP). An Introduction to the History of Usul. (1st ed.). Qom: World Center of Islamic Sciences. [In Persian]
7.    Al-Kazemi, M. A. (1406 AH). Fawa'id al-Usul. (non-corrected version, vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
8.    Al-Musawi Khomeini, R. (1420 AH). Motamad Al-Osul. (Lectures of Mohammad Fazel Lankarani). (1st ed.). Tehran: Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works. [In Arabic]
9.    Al-Sadr, S. M. B. (1986). Dorus fi Ilm al-Usul al-Halghah al-Ula. (vol. 2, 2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Lobnani.
10.    Ameli, Z. (Al-Shahid al-Thani). (1416 AH). Tamhid al-Qawa'id. Mashhad: Qom Seminary Propaganda Office: Khorasan Razavi Branch. [In Arabic]
11.    Amoli Larijani, S. (1393 AP). Understanding the science of principles and its philosophy. (1st ed.). Qom: Vali Asr Islamic School Publications. [In Persian]
12.    Ansari, M. (1419 AH). Fawa'id al-Usul. (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Thought Association. [In Arabic]
13.    Cornelis de Waal. (Ed.). (2001). American New Realism 1910-1920. (Vol.2). England: Thoemmes Continuum Press.
14.    Dancy, J. (1985). An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology. New York: Basil Blackwell.
15.    Edwards, P. (1972). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Vol.7). New York: McMillan Publishing Co.
16.    Edwards, P. (1972). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. New York: McMillan Publishing Co., Inc. The Free Press.
17.    Esfahani Gharavi, M. H. (1414 AH). Nahayat al-Derayah fi Sharh al-Kifayah. (1st ed.). Qom: Mu'asisah Alulbayt le Ihya al-Torath. [In Arabic]
18.    Haeri, A. (1418 AH). Darr al-Faraid. (5th ed.). Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
19.    Hosseinzadeh, M. (1398 AP). Wisdom and Rational Method. (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational & Research Institute Publications. [In Persian]
20.    Ibn Babewayyah (Saduq), M. (1413 AH). Man la Yahzar al-Faqih. (2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the teachers' community. [In Arabic]
21.    Jasas, A. (1414 AH). Al-Fosul fi al-Usul. (2nd ed.). Kuwait: Ministry of Endowments. [In Arabic]
22.    Karbasi, M. E. (1411 AH). Minhaj al-Osul. (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Balaghah. [In Arabic]
23.    Kashif al-Ghitta ', SH. J. (n.d.). Kashf al-Ghita an Mubhamat al-Shariah al-Qara. (vol. 1). Qom: Maktab al-A'alam al-Islami.
24.    Khoei, S. A. (1368 AP). Ajwad al-Taqrirat. (lectures of Mirza Naeini). (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Qom: Mostafavi Bookstore. [In Persian]
25.    Khoei, S. A. (1412 AH). Mesbah al-Osul. (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Qom: Maktabah al-Dawari. [In Arabic]
26.    Khorasani, M. (1409 AH). Kifayah al-Usul, (1st ed.). Qom: Mu'sisah Alulbayt le Ihya al-Torath. [In Arabic]
27.    Khorasani, M. (1410 AH). Darr al-Fawa'id fi al-Hashiyyah al-Faraid, al-Hashiyyah al-Jadidah, (1st ed.), Tehran: Mu'asisah al-Tab'e va al-Nashr le Wizarah al-Thaqafah va al-Irshad al-Islami. [In Arabic]
28.    Majlesi, M. B. (1403 AH). Bihar al-Anwar. (3rd ed.). Qom: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
29.    Muzaffar, M. R. (1370 AP). Principles of Jurisprudence. (Vol. 2, 4th ed.). Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office of the Seminary Publishing Center. [In Persian]
30.    Najafi, M. H. (1362 AP). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharae al-Islam. (vol. 12, 7th ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi. [In Persian]
31.    Nouri, H. (1415 AH). Khatamah Mustadrik al-Wasa'il. (vol. 9, 2nd ed.). Qom: Mua'siah Alulbayt le Ihya al-Torath. [In Arabic]
32.    Pojman, L. P. (1993). Theory of knowledge: Classic and Contemporary Reading. California.
33.    Rouhani, S. M. (1413 AH). Muntaqi al-Osul. (Vol. 4, 1st ed.). Qom: Matba'ah al-Amir Noskhah Qair Musahah. [In Arabic]
34.    S, Ernest, S, Matthias. (2013). Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell Publishing.
35.    Sistani, S. A. (1414 AH). Al-Rafid Fi Ilm Al-Osul. (1st ed.). Qom: School of Ayatollah Al-Sayyid Ali Sistani. [In Arabic]
36.    Sobhani, J. (1381 AP). Tahdhib al-Osul. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Tehran: Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomei-ni's Works. [In Persian]
37.    Sobhani, J. (1420 AH). Resalat fi al-Tahsin wa al-Taqbih al-Aqliin. Qom: Imam Sadegh Institute. [In Arabic]
38.    Taqwa Eshtehardi, H. (1376 AP). Tanqih al-Osul. (1st ed.). Tehran: The Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works. [In Persian]
39.    Tehrani, H. (n.d.). Muhajat al-Ulama. (vol. 1). 
40.    Tusi, M. (1376 AP). Al-Adha fi Usul al-Fiqh. (Ansari, M. R, Ed. vol. 2). Qom: Ahl al-Bayt Research and Publication Institute. [In Persian]

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics