A Comparative Consideration of the Afterlife according to Sayyid Murtaḍā and John Hick

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Authors

1 PhD student, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute, Qom, Iran

2 Associate professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Muslim and Christian physicalists seek to provide physicalistic accounts of the doctrine of resurrection. At first, it might seem that human monism and physicalism about the resurrection went through the same or similar developments in Islam and Christianity. In this paper, we offer the similarities and differences of physicalism in Islam and Christianity. With the library method, we studied the work of Sayyid Murtaḍā and John Hick as influential Muslim and Christian theologians to consider the issue. We conclude that although both have sought to prove the possibility of resurrection by drawing on reason as their epistemic source, the difference in the context of their inclination toward physicalism might be cast in this way: Sayyid Murtaḍā was led from physical resurrection to human monism, while John Hick was led from human monism to physical resurrection. Hick’s argument for the possibility of resurrection is superior to Sayyid Murtaḍā’s because it includes all human persons. Both thinkers, despite their temporal distance, have offered similar accounts of the human nature and the criterion of identity, but they offer different accounts of physical resurrection. Sayyid Murtaḍā tries to reconcile his views with religious doctrines, while Hick rejects Christian doctrines that go against his view.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

*The Holy Qur'an
* The Bible
1.    Al-Rawi, A. (1400 AH). Al-Aql va al-Huriyah Dirasah fi Fikr al-Qazi Abd al-Jabbar al-Mu'tazili. (1st ed.). Beirut: Al-Mu'asisah al-Arabiyah le Dirasat va al-Nashr. [In Arabic]
2.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1250 AH). Tanzih al-Anbiya '. Qom: Al-Sharif Al-Radhi. [In Arabic]
3.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1363 AP). Al-Dari'ah ila Usul al-Shari'a. (Karaji, A, Ed.). (vol. 2). Tehran: Institute of Publishing and Printing, University of Tehran. [In Persian]
4.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1387 AH). Jamal al-Ilm va al-Amal. (1st ed.). Najaf: Adab Press. [In Arabic]
5.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1405 AH). Rasa'il al-Sharif al-Murtadha. (Raja'I, S. M, Ed.), vol. 1 (Jawabat al-Masa'il al-Torablesiat al-Thalethah), vol.2 (al-Hudud va al-Haqa'iq), vol. 4 (Jawabat al-Masa'il al-Mesriat), (1st ed.). [In Arabic]
6.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1411 AH). Al-Zakhira Fi Ilm Al-Kalam (Hosseini, S. A, Ed.). Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
7.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1411 AH). Al-Zakhira Fi Ilm Al-Kalam. Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
8.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (1998 AH). Amali al-Murtadha. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
9.    Al-Sayyid al-Murtadha. (n.d.). Nafa'is al-Tawil. (vol. 2). Shirkah al-A'almi le al-Matbu'at. (Digital version of Fiqahat School Library).
10.    Ash'ari, A. (1929). Maqalat al-Islamiyeen va Ikhtilaf al-Musalin. Istanbul: Matba'ah al-Dolah.
11.    Aslan, A. (1376 AP). Religions and the Concept of the Ultimate Essence - An Interview with John Hick and Seyed Hossein Nasr. (Jalili, A. R, Trans.). Journal of Ma'arifat, (23), pp. 70-79. [In Persian]
12.    Baghdadi, A. (1401 AH). Principles of Religion. Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyeh. [In Arabic]
13.    Baghdadi, A. (1408 AH). Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq. Beirut: Dar Al-Jail va Dar Al-Afaq. [In Arabic]
14.    Baqalani, A. (1425 AH). Al-Ansaf Fi Ma Yajib Itiqadoh. (Kowsari, Z, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyeh. [In Arabic]
15.    Brantel, G. (1381 AP). Catholicism. (Ghanbari, H, Trans.). (1st ed.). Qom: Center for the Study and Research of Religions and Denominations. [In Persian]
16.    Copleston, F. (1380 AP). History of Copleston Philosophy. (Mojtabavi, S. J, Trans.). (vol. 1, 4th ed.). Tehran: Soroush Scien-tific and Cultural Publications [Radio and Television Publications]. [In Persian]
17.    Eliade, M. (1987) (Ed.). Gnosticism. In The Encyclopedia of Religion (vol. 5).
18.    Esfarayeni, I. (1383 AP). Anwar Al-Irfan. (Nazari, S, Ed.). Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office. [In Persian]
19.    Gholami, T. (1395 AP). Physics of the soul in Islamic theology and physicalism; Criticism and comparison. (Supervisor: Ahmadizadeh, H.). M.Sc., Kashan: University of Literature and Foreign Languages. [In Persian]
20.    Hick, J. (1378 AP). Issues of religious pluralism. (Gowahi, A, Trans.). Tehran: Tebyan Cultural and Publishing Institute. [In Persian]
21.    Hick, J. (1381 AP). Philosophy of religion. (Saleki, B, Trans.). (3rd ed.). Tehran: Al-Huda International Institute. [In Persian]
22.    Hick, J. (1382 AP). Fifth dimension. (Saleki, B, Trans.). Tehran: Qasideh Sara Publications. [In Persian]
23.    Hick, J. (1964). The Existence of God. New York: Macmillan publishing co, Inc.
24.    Hick, J. (1966). Evil and The God of Love. Published by Macmillan Press LTD.
25.    Hick, J. (1976). Death and Eternal life. New York: Harper and Row.
26.    Hick, J. (1988). Faith and knowledge. London: Published by Macmillan Press LTD.
27.    Hick, J. (1990). Philosophy of Religion. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
28.    Hick, J. (1998). Gad and the universe of faiths. London: Macmillan.
29.    Hick, J. (2001). Dialogues in the philosophy of religion. Pal G Rave New York.
30.    Ibn Furq, M. (1987). Mujarad Maqalat al-Sheikh Aba al-Hassan Al-Ash'ari. Beirut: Dar Al-Mashreq.
31.    Ibrahim bin Nobakht, A. (1413 AH). Al-Yaqut fi Ilm al-Kalam, (Zia'ei, A. A, 1st ed.). Qom: Library of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi. [In Arabic]
32.    Jorjani, S. Sh. (1325 AH). Sharh al-Mawaqif (vols. 6-8). Qom: Al-Sharif Razi. [In Arabic]
33.    Khorramshahi, B. (1381 AP). Rational positivism. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Center. [In Persian]
34.    Malahemi Kharazmi, M. (1387 AH). Tohfato al-Mutakalemin fi al-Rad Ala al-Falasafah. Tehran: Research Institute of Iranian Wisdom and Philosophy. [In Arabic]
35.    Moradi Nasab, M. H., & Jafari, M. (1400 AP) A Comparative Study of the Contexts of the Tendency to Physical Resurrec-tion in Islam and Christianity, Naqd va Nazar, 2(102 consecutive), pp. 115-149. [In Persian]
36.    Qazi Al-Farra, A. (1974). Kitab al-Mutamid fi Usul al-Din Tahqiq Wadi' Zidan Haddad. Beirut: Dar Al-Mashreq. 
37.    Qazi, A. (1965-1962). Al-Muqni fi Abwab al-Tawhid va al-Adl. (Qanawati, G, Ed. vol. 11). Cairo: Al-Dar al-Misriyah.
38.    Qazi, A. (1981). Al-Majmu' fi al-Muhit be al-Taklif, Jum'ah Ibn Mutawiya (vol. 2). Beirut: Dar Al-Mashreq.
39.    Sadeghi, H. (1379 AP). Theology and research. Tehran: Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Persian]
40.    Saduq, M. (1395 AH). Kamal Al-Din Tamam al-Na'amah. (Vol. 2, 2nd ed.). Tehran: Islamic Publications. [In Arabic]
41.    Sami Al-Nashar, A. (1975). Nasha' al-Fikri al-Falsafi fi al-Islam. (7th ed.). Egypt: Dar Al-Maaref.
42.    Sheikh Mufid. (1993). al-Masa'il Al-Sarwiyyah. (Abd Al-Hamid, S. Ed.) (vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Beirut - Lebanon: Dar Al-Mufid for printing, publishing and distribution. Mulahizat: Tab'a be Muwafiqah al-jannah al-Khasah al-Musharafah ala al-Mutar al-Alami le al-Fiyah al-Sheikh Al-Mufid.
43.    Sheikh Tusi. (n.d.). al-Tebyan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an. (vol. 7). Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi. (Digital version of Fiqahat School Library).
44.    Steve, D. (1380 AP). Philosophy of religious language. (Norouzi, H, 1st ed.). Tabriz: Publications of the Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Humanities, University of Tabriz. [In Persian]
45.    Sultani, E., & Naraqi, A. (1384 AP). Theology of philosophy. Tehran: Serat Cultural Institute. [In Persian]
46.    Tabarsi, A. (1415 AH). Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an (Vol. 7). Beirut: Mu'asisah al-A'almi le al-Matbu'at. [In Arabic]
47.    Taheri, J., & Alvandi, M. (1391 AP). A critical approach to Hick's view on the question of the ultimate investigability and significance of religious propositions. Journal of Zamaneh, 25&26, pp. 36-39. [In Persian]
48.    Williams, D.H. (2009). Tertullian. In The Blackwell companion to the theologians. Lan S. Markham, Ed., wily - black weel, UK. vol. 1, pp. 155-225.
49.    Yousefian, H., & Khoshsohbat, M. (1391 AP). The truth of man and its effect in explaining life after death; from the point of view of Seyed Morteza. Ma'rifat e Kalami, (2), pp. 25-48. [In Persian]

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics