The Theory of Embodiment of Actions and Its Theological Applications to Resurrection

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Author

Assistant professor, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

A requirement for theological discussions today is to account for the role of kalām (Islamic theology) in solving practical problems and to show the consequences of theological theories. This article seeks to account for practical consequences of the theory of the embodiment of actions as a philosophical-theological theory. In this article, I tackle the question: How does the theory of the embodiment of actions impact the solutions to theological problems, particular the problem of resurrection? By adopting an analytic-library method, I show that this theory plays a crucial role in justifying and rationalizing doctrines such as bodily resurrection, divine justice, crime-punishment proportionality, eternal life in the Heaven and the Hell, the nature of the book of actions, metempsychosis, and God’s kindly power in afterlife punishments.

Keywords


* Holy Quran.
* al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.
1. al-Hurr al-amili. (1409 AH). Wasa'il al-Shi'a (Vol. 16). Qom: n.p. [In Arabic].
2. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1362 AP). al-Khisal (Vol. 1). Qom: n.p. [In Arabic].
3. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1413 AH). Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Qom: n.p. [In Arabic].
4. al-Suyuti, J. (1404 AH). al-Durr al-manthur fi al-tafsir al-ma'thur (Vol. 6). Qom: Library of Grand Ayatollah Marashi Najafi.
5. Alusi, M. (1415 AH). Ruh al Ma'ani Fi Tafsir Qur'an al Azim Wa al Sab' al Mathani (Vol. 1). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic].
6. Bahaei, M. (1415 AH). The four hadiths (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic].
7. Daghim, S. (n.d.). Mostalahat al-Emam al-Fakhr al-Razi. Lebanon: Lebanese School of Publishers. [In Arabic].
8. Fakhr Razi, M. (1420 AH). Al-Tafsir al-Kabir (Mafatih al-Ghayb) (3rd ed., Vols. 16, 25, 31, 32). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic].
9. Hashemi Khoei, M. H. (1400 AH). Minhaj al-Bara'a in Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah (4th ed., Vol. 19). Tehran: Islamic Library. [In Arabic].
10. Ibn Jawzi, A. R. (1422 AH). Zad al-masir fi 'ilm al-tafsir (Vol. 4). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi. [In Arabic].
11. Ibn Sina. (1363 AP). Kitab al-Shifa'. Tehran: Naser Khosrow. [In Arabic].
12. Ibn Sina. (1382 AP). al-Adhhawiyah fi al-ma’ad (H. Asi, Ed.). Tehran: Shams Tabrizi. [In Arabic].
13. Javadi Amoli, A. (1387 AP). Ma’ad in the Qur'an (A. Zamani Ghomshei, Ed., Vol. 5). Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
14. Javadi Amoli, A. (1388 AP). Tasnim (H. Vaezi Mohammadi, Ed., Vol. 8). Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
15. Javadi Amoli, A. (1389 AP a). Tasnim (A. Eslami, Ed., Vol. 2). Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
16. Javadi Amoli, A. (1389 AP b). Tasnim (H. Vaezi Mohammadi, Ed., Vol. 6). Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
17. Jorjani, A. Q. (1430 AH). Darj al-Durrar fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim (Vol. 1). Oman: Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic].
18. Khafaji, A. (1417 AH). The margin notes of the witness is the name of the judge and the sufficiency of the consent on the inter-pretation of the ellipse (Vol. 5). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic].
19. Majlesi, M. B. (1403 AH). Bihar al-Anwar (Vol. 7). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic].
20. Mulla Sadra. (1360 AP). al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah fil Manahij al-Sulukiyyah (S. J. Ashtiyani, Ed.). Mashhad: Jamei Publish-ing Center. [In Arabic].
21. Mulla Sadra. (1361 AP). Al-Arshiyah (Gh. H. Ahani, Ed.). Tehran: Mola. [In Arabic].
22. Mulla Sadra. (1363 AP). Mafatih al-Ghayb (M. Khajavi, Ed.). Tehran: Cultural Research Institute. [In Arabic].
23. Mulla Sadra. (1372 AP). Tafsir of the Holy Quran (Vols. 5, 7). Qom: Bidar. [In Arabic].
24. Mulla Sadra. (1383 AP). Sharh Usul al-Kafi (Vols. 1, 4). Tehran: n.p. [In Arabic].
25. Mulla Sadra. (1387 AP a). al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah fil Manahij al-Sulukiyyah (M. H. Sabzevari, Ed., A. Babaei, Trans.). Tehran: Mola. [In Arabic].
26. Mulla Sadra. (1387 AP b). al-Mabda' wa l-Ma'ad (S. J. Ashtiyani, Ed.). Qom: Bustaneketab. [In Arabic].
27. Mulla Sadra. (1981). The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect (Vols. 7, 9). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic].
28. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. (1374 AP). Beginning and ending (H. Hassanzadeh Amoli, Ed.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Guid-ance. [In Arabic].
29. Sha’rani, A. (1386 AP). Allamah Sha'rani's Quranic researches in the Tafsir al-Majma' al-Bayan (2nd ed., Vol. 3). Qom: Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic].
30. Tabarani, S. (2008). Al-Tafsir Al-Kabir: Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azeem (Al-Tabarani) (Vols. 1, 6). Arbad: Dar al-Kitab al-Thaqafi. [In Arabic].
31. Tabarsi, F. (1372 AP). Majma’ al-bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran (3rd ed., Vols. 2, 10). Tehran: Naser Khosrow. [In Arabic].
32. Tabatabaei, S. M. H. (1371 AP). al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an (2nd ed., Vols. 1, 2, 6). Qom: Ismailiyan. [In Arabic].
33. Taftazani, S. (1409 AH). Sharh al-Maqasid (A. R. Amideh, Ed., Vol. 2). Qom: Razi. [In Arabic].
34. Tha’labi, A. (1422 AH). al-Kashf va al-Bayan (Tafsir al-Thalabi) (Vol. 10). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Ara-bic].