Types of Mental Qualities and Physical-Mental Distinction
Yasser
Khoshnevis
yaserkhoshnevis@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2010
per
Mental qualities are of various kinds and the question is whether there can be any common features among them. The first section of the present article is to examine some classifications of mental qualities and thus distinguish their distinctive characteristics like consciousness, mental quality and intentionality. In the second part of the article each of these characteristics as well as the cognitive feature of access for the first person and their relations are briefly discussed. Drawing on these characteristics and considering two accounts of the physical, one being based on theory and the other on the basis of thing, I formulate mental-physical contrast at the end of second part. The question whether or not “mental’’ is an individual ontological feature, rather a natural kind is touched on in the concluding part of the present article.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
5
22
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_586_b554e018411dc6e3fb23f90abb18cc9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/jpt.2010.586
Foundation of the Difference between A priori and A posteriori Physicalisms and Their Implications
Ali
Sanaee
استادیار دانشگاه سمنان
author
text
article
2010
per
Physicalism is formed on the assumption that physics is the most perfect science and thus able to explain and predict everything. In this article I try to explain the main idea of physicalism and the methods of determining the physical and then attempt to enumerate both similarities and dissimilarities of a prioi and a posteriori physicalisms. a posteriori physicalism which is but another expression of reductionism is to determine the relation of the mental and the physical with reference to empirical evidence while a priori physicalism, which is another term for non-reductionistic attempts to do the same task in terms of logical inference without referring to any experiment. Having made an examination and comparison between two types of physicalism I came to conclusion that the main difference between these two perspectives lies in “mental property”. The concluding part of the article gives a critical analysis of mental property and its implications in contemporary philosophy of mind.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
23
49
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_587_be1c324ad337e26e42b785546ac62d18.pdf
Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness
Marzieh
Lotfi
Marziye.Lotfi@Gmail.Com
author
text
article
2010
per
In this paper, focusing on the hard problem of consciousness, Chalmers tries to give an account of why it is so difficult to explain. He criticizes some recent works that use reductive explanation within the framework of neuroscience and cognitive science. This being done, he goes on to argue that these methods fail to come to grips with the hard problem. Then, he argues that, in order to attain a solution for the problem, we must move to a new kind of non-reductive explanation. This way, a naturalistic account of consciousness can be given. Finally he presents his own candidate; a non-reductive theory based on three psychological principles: structural coherence, organizational invariance, and double-aspect view of information.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
50
86
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_588_4f0bfe71cc6272c992306bb1a57dc13d.pdf
Transparency ArgumentYasser Pouresmail
Yasser
Pouresmail
pouresmail@isca.ac.ir
author
text
article
2010
per
In this paper, I will formulate and examine a well-known argument in favor of externalist representationalism: argument from transparency or diaphanousness. This argument seeks to demonstrate that the qualities of consciousness are not, in fact, subjective qualities of the conscious experience. Rather they are qualities of external things and states of affairs which are transparently represented in our consciousness. In this paper, I shall explain and formulate the argument and objections raised against it. In the second section of the paper, I will show, through a phenomenological analysis of transparency and a manipulation of a thought experiment, that transparency can be an argument for representationalism, but not for an externalist version of it.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
87
109
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_589_4401ab56e61627b6ac992f1ef44275b0.pdf
Theory of Truth in Husserl’s Phenomenology
Hassan
Fathzadeh
استادیار دانشگاه زنجان
author
text
article
2010
per
By abandoning the natural attitude and ruling out the presupposition of external world, phenomenology results in a wide reconsidering of classical concepts, problems and methods, among the most important of which is the “truth”. As we shall see, in spite of Husserl’s insistence on “correspondence” and contrary to commentators such as Bell, phenomenology results in an adjustment of the concept of “object”, which practically rejects correspondence. With engaging this concept in processes of coherentism, Husserl turns to “coherence”, so that we cannot yet make a distinction between “coherence as the method of arriving at truth” and “coherence as an essential element in definition of truth”. We’ll follow this by introducing object, synthesis and horizon, and finally with analyzing two kinds of errors (immanent and transcendent) , we’ll arrive at the dialectic, inherent in the endless play of truth and falsehood.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
110
148
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_590_fe913440ade8fe027d134ccb1bb7accf.pdf
Free will: Contemporary Views
Bahram
Alizadeh
bah.alizadeh@gmail.com
author
text
article
2010
per
More than 2000 years, the problem of free will and determinism vexed philosophers’ minds. It has been revived in recent years and continues to be a lively debate. In this article I first deal with the view of common sense and its challenge with determinism. Is free will compatible with determinism? In response to this question, two major views – compatibilism and incompatibilism - have emerged. A standard characterization of determinism states that every event is causally necessitated by antecedent events. Compatibilism argues that free will and determinism are compatible. This is opposed to incompatibilism which is the view that there is no way to reconcile a belief in a deterministic universe with a belief in a concept of free will. Hard determinism is a version of incompatibilism that accepts the assumption of determinism and rejects the idea of free will. Libertarianism accepts the existence of free will. Each of these theories considers a meaning of free will that is not acceptable on another approach; therefore, providing a comprehensive definition of free will is impossible. I also consider views about scientific inquiries and their relationship to philosophical theories on free will. The final section of this paper is devoted to scientific experiments and their relations to the problem of free will.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
149
188
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_591_643803e4e35e8edd0296ce0d79d2e222.pdf
Book Review: A Descriptive Bibliography of Philosophical Psychology
Hadi
Mousavi
Hdmousavi0@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2010
per
This book introduces and briefly illustrates over 600 works (including printed or manuscript books, essays, articles and dissertations) in the area of Islamic philosophical psychology or philosophy of the soul (nafs). Over 90% of these works have been introduced by the author’s reference to the works themselves and about 10% have been introduced by reference to other works, since they were not available at least to the author. The first chapter of this work introduces books which are specialized in nafs or books a section of which is dedicated to this issue. The second chapter introduces works which are not specialized in the issue, but involve discussions in this regard. The third chapter introduces about 200 articles (selected from over 500 ones). Chapter four introduces 60 dissertations about philosophy of soul (selected from over 300 ones). Chapter five introduces the available manuscripts about this issue.
Naqd Va Nazar
Islamic Propagation Office, Qom Seminary
Islamic Science and Culture Academy
1062-8952
15
v.
57
no.
2010
189
208
https://jpt.isca.ac.ir/article_592_fa9ce72eab8cfba6e56c01acad144d31.pdf